What is conduction ??

When heat transfers

Explanation:

Contact heat transfer in a easy way to explain it

Conduction is the transfer of energy in the form of heat or electricity from one atom to another within an object by direct contact. Conduction occurs in solids, liquids, and gases. However, solids transfer energy most efficiently since the molecules in solids are most tightly packed, and the molecules are closer together, as shown in this figure. For liquids and gases, the density of the particles are generally lower than those of solids and the particles are farther apart, so the energy transfer is less efficient.

There are two main types of conduction:

Conduction of heat occurs when molecules increase in temperature; they vibrate, and this vibration and movement passes the heat energy to the surrounding molecules. Some examples of conduction of heat are accidentally touching a hot pot, or when a heating pad is applied to you directly and warms your muscles.

Conduction of electricity occurs due to the movement of electrically charged particles through a medium. This movement can result in an electric current, which may be carried by electrons or ions. An example of electrical conduction is when you accidentally get electrocuted when you touch a live wire because your body contains water, which is a conductor of electricity. Another example is when electricity passes through wires, which are conductors, so we can watch TV or use a computer.

The picture on the left shows what happens if you leave a metal spoon inside a cup with hot liquid. The spoon is at room temperature at first when we touch it, but as the spoon has longer contact with the hot water, the spoon becomes hot to the touch. This is because the heat from the liquid is transferred to the spoon due to conduction of heat. The picture on the right shows a light bulb that is turned on because electricity travels through the wires due to the conduction of electricity.

Conduction can occur within a substance or between two substances.

Fast-moving molecules collide with slow-moving molecules.

Thermal energy is transferred from a warmer substance to a cooler substance.

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The statements that best describe conduction are

-Conduction can occur within a substance or between two substances.

-Fast-moving molecules collide with slow-moving molecules.

-Thermal energy is transferred from a warmer substance to a cooler substance.

Explanation :

-Conduction can occur within a substance or between two substances.

Conduction can occur within a substance, but the heat will transfer by conduction only when those parts of the substance are at different temperatures.

For example, when we hold a metal rod over a flame, the end which is in direct contact with the flame becomes hot first. As we continue to heat, the other end of the rod also becomes hot because heat gets transferred through the rod by conduction.

Similarly heat can also be transferred between 2 substances which are in direct contact with each other.

In the above example, when a person is holding the other end of the rod, their hand might burn. In this case heat is transferred between 2 objects ( rod & hand) which are in direct contact by conduction.

-Fast-moving molecules collide with slow-moving molecules.

When an object heated, the molecules gain thermal energy and start vibrating. These vibrating molecules transfer their kinetic energy to neighboring molecules which are at lower temperature and hence are slow moving. This transfer occurs till both of them attain the same temperature.

-Thermal energy is transferred from a warmer substance to a cooler substance.

Thermal energy is always transferred from a warmer substance to a cooler substance. In conduction mode, heat is transferred by transfer of kinetic energy from fast moving molecules to slow moving molecules.

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