A46.9 gram sample of a substance has a volume of about 3.5 centimeters3. it is solid at a room temperature of 23ºc. out

- C. Hafnium.

Solution:- Mass of the sample is 46.0 g and it's volume is [tex]3.5cm^3[/tex] .

From mass and volume, we can calculate it's density using the formula:

[tex]density=\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]

[tex]density=\frac{46.9g}{3.5cm^3}[/tex]

[tex]density=\frac{13.4g}{cm^3}[/tex]

On the basis of the density, this substance could either be mercury or hafnium. Since the substance is a solid at room temperature where as mercury is liquid. So, it can't be mercury.

The right choice is C) Hafnium.

Answer : (C) Hafnium is the most likely identity of the given substance.

Solution :  Given,

Mass of given substance (m) = 46.9 g

Volume of given substance (V) = 3.5 [tex]Cm^{3}[/tex]

First, find the Density of given substance.

Formula used :    

[tex]Density=\frac{\text{Mass of given substance}}{\text{Voume of given substance}}[/tex]

Now,put all the values in this formula, we get

[tex]Density=\frac{46.9 g}{3.5 Cm^{3} }[/tex] = 13.4 g/[tex]Cm^{3}[/tex]

So, we conclude that the density of given substance (13.4 g/[tex]Cm^{3}[/tex]) is approximately equal to the density of Mercury and Hafnium (13.53 and 13.31 g/[tex]Cm^{3}[/tex] respectively).

According to the question the substance is solid at room temperature but Mercury is liquid at room temperature. So, Mercury is not identical to the given substance.

Another element i.e, Hafnium is the element whose density is approximately equal to the given substance and also solid at room temperature. And we know that the melting point of solid is high.

So, Hafnium is the most likely element which is the identity of the given substance.

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Explanation: